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APOLOGETICS |
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What Are the Baha'i Taught About Jesus? By
Dr. John
Ankerberg and Dr. John Weldon |
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The Christology of the Church and the teachings of
Baha’u’llah about Christ’s mission are on essential
questions irreconcilable.1 —Huschmand
Sabet, The Heavens Are Cleft Asunder
In our study of some 40 Baha’i books and periodicals,
we discovered a significant number of denials of the
Gospel teachings and the person and work of Jesus
Christ. Yet Udo Schaefer claims, "One thing, however,
must be stressed. The attitude of the Baha’i towards
Christianity is clear: he acknowledges its divine origin
and believes in the Word of God as testified by the
Gospels."2
It is odd, then, that the Baha’i believer entirely
leaves out the Gospels in his "independent investigation
of truth." For if the Gospels are uncorrupted, and this
is historic fact, then Jesus taught that He and His
words were eternally authoritative and that He
alone, the Person of Jesus, was the only way to God
(Matt. 24:35; Jn. 14:6). "If anyone is ashamed of me and
my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he
comes in his glory and in the glory of the Father and of
the holy angels" (Lk. 9:26).
It is a sign of the times—and quite disquieting, if
not surprising—to see how people can sincerely claim to
be true followers of Christ and yet accept such
comprehensive denials of the person and work of Christ
as found in Baha’i. Baha’i theology denies the
Incarnation, the virgin birth, the unique deity, the
saving death, the miracles, the resurrection and the
ascension of Jesus Christ.3
Despite this comprehensive denial of Jesus Christ, we
are told that "a person cannot be a Baha’i unless he
believes in Jesus Christ"! Obviously, then, Baha’is
believe in "another Jesus" (2 Cor. 11:4 NAS), and not
the biblical Jesus.
The Baha’i view of Christ is radically different from
the biblical view. Jesus is called "the Spirit of God"
and is equated with the Holy Spirit; that is, the Spirit
of the Baha’i God, who allegedly inspired the biblical
prophets. 4
Baha’u’llah5
is a far superior revelation of God than that found in
Jesus. Baha’u’llah declared: "O Jews! If ye be intent on
crucifying once again Jesus, the Spirit of God, put Me
to death, for He hath once more, in My person, been made
manifest unto you…. Followers of the Gospel! If ye
cherish the desire to slay Muhammad, the Apostle of God,
seize Me and put an end to My life, for I am He, and My
Self is His Self."6
Baha’u’llah was "a fuller and more glorious
Revelation" of God than Jesus Christ despite Scripture
telling us that Jesus Christ is the radiance of His
[God’s] glory [cf. Col. 1:15; 2:2-3] and the exact
representation [Gk. charakter] of His nature, and
upholds all things by the word of His power (Heb. 1:3).
Anyone who reads the Gospels will see at once that a
fuller revelation of God than in Jesus is not possible.
In keeping with their exalted view of Baha’u’llah,
‘Abdu’l-Baha, Baha’u’llah himself, and modern Baha’is
apply biblical texts that refer to the second coming of
Christ to the coming of Baha’u’llah (for example, Isa.
9:2-7; 11:1-2; 40:1-5). In Thief in the Night,
William Sears spends almost 300 pages attempting to
prove that Old Testament prophecies refer to Baha’u’llah
and not to Christ. Sears attempts to make Baha’u’llah
more or less literally fulfill biblical prophecy
but then he declares in midstream that Christians
misunderstand the Bible today because they take it
literally and not symbolically! 7
For example, Isaiah 53 is applied to the Persian
Baha’u’llah8
despite the fact that the prophecy refers to the Hebrew
Messiah (and also to the Jewish nation’s rejection of
the Messiah). How can Isaiah 40-55 possibly predict Baha’u’llah when so much of it (for example, chapter 53)
was already fulfilled at the time of Christ, 1900 years
before Baha’u’llah even existed? And why does Sears
leave out Isaiah 53:6 and 12, which refer to the Messiah
dying for our sins? Did Baha’u’llah claim to do this, or
are those verses omitted because Jesus did?9
Because Baha’is seek to deal with biblical data
concerning the Messiah, they should abide by the
biblical data in its entirety. What does the Bible say
about the Messiah? The Messiah was Jewish, and of course
will be Jewish when He returns in His second Advent (see
Isa. 11:1-2 NAS, out of "the stem of Jesse," King
David’s father). Baha’u’llah was not Jewish, a
descendent of King David, but Iranian. Very specific and
dramatic signs are to accompany the Messiah’s return
(see, for example, Matt. 24), none of which were
present for Baha’u’llah’s arrival. The Messiah would not
have human birth at His return (2 Thess. 1:7-10), but
Baha’u’llah did. The Messiah would return directly from
heaven to Jerusalem (Acts 1; Zech. 14), but Baha’u’llah
did not. The Messiah would set up an immediate worldwide
Kingdom (Zech. 14), which Baha’u’llah apparently forgot.
It may not be appreciated by Christians enamored with
Baha’i just how thoroughly Baha’u’llah erases Jesus
Christ. The Jesus Christ of the Gospels is simply no
longer relevant. Thus "when Baha’u’llah instituted the
great Feast of Ridvan" on April 21, 1863, as a
declaration of his own "power and sovereignty," he
called it "the Day of God." Townshend comments, "Now it
was that Jesus Christ [Baha’u’llah] ascended His throne
in the power of God the Father. Now it was that He took
upon Himself the scepter of the fullness of God’s might
and thus set Himself as Supreme Overlord of all that is
in heaven and on earth." 10
Baha’u’llah had no misgivings at all with usurping
Christ’s glory for himself. He tells us, "I am the One
Whom the tongue of Isaiah hath extolled…. Jesus, the
spirit of God… hath once more, in My person, been made
manifest unto you."11 According to Dr. William Miller’s research, even
‘Abdu’l-Baha (at least for a time) claimed to be Christ,
in spite of the fact that he was "a successor to Baha’u’llah only as head of the community of believers,
not as a Manifestation of God."12 However, he eventually repudiated the claims, as they
apparently caused him some embarrassment: "I am Abdul’ Baha
and no more"; "I am not Christ, I am not Eternal God."13
Other Baha’is deny that Jesus is the Christ.
Referring to John 8:58, where Jesus declares His
eternalness, George Townshend states, "Believers know
that He [Jesus] spoke not of the individual Jesus but of
the Eternal Christ. The Christ... which spoke through
Jesus... had not confined its energies, its appearances,
its utterances to the Hebrews alone."14 In other words, "the Christ" is kind of a universal
divine Spirit that speaks through all religions. But the
Bible clearly states: "Who is the liar? It is the man
who denies that Jesus is the Christ" (1 John 2:22).
Baha’is also deny Christ’s physical resurrection and
ascension. Abdu’l-Baha argued that, "The resurrections
of the Divine Manifestations are not of the body...
likewise, His [Jesus’] ascension to heaven is a
spiritual and not material ascension." 15
In essence, despite claims to the contrary, Baha’is
believe Baha’u’llah was better than Jesus—much better.16
But a Baha’i view of Christ is not what we get
from reading the Bible. The importance of Jesus and His
words cannot be underestimated. Those who claim to
believe in Him should listen carefully to what he says:
Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will
never pass away. (Matt. 24:35)
God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in
spirit and truth. (Jn. 4:24)
For not even the Father judges any one, but He has
given all judgment to the Son, in order that all may
honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He who
does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who
sent Him. (Jn. 5:22-23 NAS)
Whoever denies the Son does not have the Father;
the one who confesses the Son has the Father also. (1
Jn. 2:23 NAS)
Jesus answered and said to him, "If anyone loves
Me, he will keep My word; and My Father will love him,
and We will come to him, and make Our abode with him.
He who does not love Me does not keep My words; and
the word which you hear is not Mine, but the Father’s
who sent Me." (Jn. 14:23-24 NAS)
Perhaps Baha’is should also listen carefully to
Baha’u’llah when he speaks of Jesus that
"whatsoever hath proceeded after his blameless, his
truth-speaking, trustworthy mouth, can never be
altered...."17
Nevertheless, Jesus had absolute faith in a literal
reading of the Old Testament (Matt. 19:4-5; Jn. 5:47;
17:17), which Baha’i denies, and He emphatically denied
people’s ability to self-perfect or save themselves (Jn.
6:29, 47, 63), which Baha’i affirms. According to the
Bible, Jesus Christ is not some special creature whom
God chose to dimly manifest His unknown being. He is God
Himself: "for in Christ all the fullness of Deity dwells
in bodily form" (Col. 2:9). He is above all rule and
authority:
...which He brought about in Christ, when He raised
Him from the dead, and seated Him at His right hand in
the heavenly places, far above all rule and authority
and power and dominion, and every name that is named,
not only in this age, but also in the one to come.
(Eph. 1:20-21 NAS)
"Thou has put all things in subjection under his
feet." For in subjecting all things to him, He left
nothing that is not subject to him. (Heb. 2:8 NAS)
One day every person will bow and worship Him:
Therefore also God highly exalted Him, and bestowed
on Him the name which is above every name, that at the
name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those who are
in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth, and that
every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord,
to the glory of God the Father. (Phil. 2:9-11 NAS)
Indeed, no greater wisdom can be found anywhere than
in Jesus, "in whom are hidden all the treasures of
wisdom and knowledge" (Col. 2:3). His relevance and
reign was not for a temporal age, but forever:
…to be put into effect when the times will have
reached their fulfillment—to bring all things in
heaven and on earth together under one head, even
Christ. (Eph. 1:10)
…according to his eternal purpose which he
accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Eph. 5:11)
…because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent
priesthood. Therefore he is able to save completely
those who come to God through him, because he always
lives to intercede for them. (Heb. 7:24-25)
The seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there
were loud voices in heaven, which said, "The kingdom
of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of
His Christ, and he will reign forever and ever." (Rev.
11:15)
For conservative, staunchly monotheistic Jews to say
such things of a mere "man" is either utter blasphemy or
absolute truth. Jesus’ Jewish disciples conceded the
latter for the following reasons:
1. Christ claimed to be God and performed attesting
miracles, the quantity and quality of which have never
been duplicated throughout history (Jn. 5:18; 10:30-33;
19:7).
2. He resurrected Himself from the dead to prove His
claims (Jn. 2:19; cf. Matt. 27-28; Mark 16; Lk. 24; Acts
2:24; Rom. 4:24).
3. The Jews could turn to their divinely inspired Old
Testament and see that the Messiah was to be God
(Isa. 9:6; Mic. 5:2; cf. Matt. 22:43-46) not a Baha’i-type
manifestation, and that Jesus had fulfilled Old
Testament messianic prophecy in detail (as we documented
in The Case for Jesus the Messiah).
This is why the Jewish authors of the New Testament
told the world that Jesus Christ is
the radiance of His [God’s] glory [cf. Col. 1:15,24] and
the exact representation [Gk. charakter]
of His nature and that He upholds all things by the word
of His power (Heb. 1:3). The Greek word charakter
denies the Baha’i assertion that the "essence" of God
cannot become incarnate. It means literally the "exact
reproduction" and is a stronger word than "image," as in
2 Corinthians 4:4 and Colossians 1:15. As noted biblical
scholar F. F. Bruce says in his Hebrews commentary (on
Hebrews 1:3), "The substance of God [Gk. hypostasis]
is really in Christ, Who is its impress, its exact
representation [charakter] and embodiment. What
God essentially is is made manifest in Christ."18
Notes:
1 Huschmand
Sabat, The Heavens Are Cleft Asunder (Oxford,
England: George Ronald Publishing, 1975), p. 110.
2 Udo Schaefer,
The Light Shineth in Darkness (Oxford, England:
George Ronald, 1975), pp. 4-5.
3 See John
Ankerberg and John Weldon, Encyclopedia of Cults
and New Religions (Eugene, OR: Harvest House
Publishers, 1999), p. 22 for examples.
4 Shoghi
Effendi, Gleanings from the Writings of Baha’u’llah
(Wilmette, IL: Baha’i Publishing Trust, 1976), p. 57;
‘Abdu’l-Baha, Baha’i World Faith (Wilmette, IL:
Baha’i Publishing Trust, 1976), p. 49.
5 Baha’u’llah
was born in Persia, November 12, 1817. Baha’is call
him "the messenger of God for this age."
6 Gleanings
from the Writings of Baha’u’llah, p. 101.
7 William Sears,
Thief in the Night (Oxford, England: George
Ronald, 1975), pp. 203-208.
8 Ibid., pp.
156-159.
9 Sears also
confuses the Holy Spirit with Christ (p. 172), and
Christ with Satan (p. 174). He engages in selective
use of date (pp. 150, 118), and he denies clear
biblical teachings (on p. 122 he claims the Messiah
would come from Assyria). The book has many such
errors.
10 George
Townshend, Christ and Baha’u’llah (Oxford,
England: George Ronald, 1977), p. 77.
11 World
Order, Winter, 1966, p. 27.
12 Ibid., Fall,
1978, p. 17; William McLwee Miller, The Baha’i
Faith: Its History and Teachings (South Pasadena,
CA: William Carey Library, 1974), pp. 224-227.
13 Miller,
The Baha’i Faith, p. 225.
14 George
Townshend, The Heart of the Gospel (London,
England, George Ronald, 1960), p. 80.
15 Abdu’l-Baha,
Christ’s Promise Fulfilled (Wilmette, IL:
Baha’i Publishing Trust, 1978), pp. 31-32; Schaefer,
The Light Shineth in Darkness, p. 78; J. E.
Esslemont, Baha’u’lla’h and the New Era
(Wilmette, IL: Baha’i Publishing Truest, 1970), p.
222.
16 Townshend,
Christ and Baha’u’llah, pp. 115, 65, 77; World
Order, Fall 1978, p. 16.
17 Abdu’l-Baha,
Baha’i World Faith (Wilmette, IL: Baha’i
Publishing Trust, 1976), pp. 60-61; cf. pp. 15, 49,
51, 62, 72, 20.
18 F. F. Bruce,
The Epistle to the Hebrews, New International
Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1973), p. 6)
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Copyright 2006, Ankerberg Theological Research Institute |